Topic 1: Structure Of The Earth
a). The Earth’s Crust, The Mantle, The Core and their Respective Characteristics
i. Identify concentric zones of the earth
ii. Account for the variation in density and thickness of the concentric zones
of the earth’s crust
iii. Describe the characteristics of the earth’s crust, the mantle and the core
b). Types of Rocks of the Earth’s Crust
i. Identify types of rocks of the earth’s crust
ii. Explain the mode of formation for each type of rocks and their economic
importance
c). Simplified Geological Time Scale
i. Describe the geological time sale
Topic 2: Forces That Affect The Earth
a). Forces Causing Earth Movements
i. Explain the forces which cause earth movement and their origin
b). Radial/Vertical Movement
i. Describe the vertical/radical movement
ii. Identify the resulting features from the vertical movement
c). Lateral or Horizontal Movement
i. Explain how horizontal movements take place
ii. Identify different features produced by horizontal forces
d). Vulcanicity
i. Differentiate vulcanicity from volcanicity
ii. Explain causes of volcanicity and resulting features
iii. Classify features resulting from the processes of volcanicity
iv. Locate the distribution of major volcanic zones in the world
v. Assess the economic importance of volcanoes
e). Earth-quakes
i. Define earthquake, epicenter and focus
ii. Describe how earthquake can be detected
iii. Explain the causes and effects of earthquake
iv. Locate the possible areas where earthquake is likely to occur on the world
map
f). External Forces
i. Define mass wasting
ii. Identify types of mass wasting
iii. Describe the factors which cause mass wasting
iv. Assess the effects of mass wasting to the environment
g). Weathering
i. Define the term weathering
ii. Identify types of weathering
iii. Differentiate weathering processes
iv. Assess the significance of weathering
h). Erosion and Deposition by Running Water, Ice, Wind and Wave Action
i. Define the concept of erosion and deposition
ii. Examine how agents of erosion and deposition operate on the landscape
iii. Examine erosional and Depositional Features for each Agent
iv. Assess the importance of erosional and depositional features to human
beings
i). Artificial Forces
i. Explain the meaning of artificial forces that cause earth movements
ii. Describe causes and effects of artificial forces
Topic 3: Soil
a). Soil Formation
i. Define soil
ii. Describe factors for soil formation
iii. Assess the importance of Soil
b). Soil Composition and Properties
i. Illustrate soil composition and properties
c. Soil Profile and Characteristics
i. Define soil profile
ii. Illustrate soil profile and its characteristics
d). Simple Soil Classification
i. Classify soil according to textural groups
e). Soil Erosion
i. Define soil erosion
ii. Examine how agents of soil erosion work
iii. Describe types and effects of erosion to social and economic activities
iv. Relate population growth and rate of soil erosion on the quality of life
v. Demonstrate ways of controlling soil erosion through the application of various conservation techniques
Topic 4: Elementary Survey And Map
a). Meaning and Types of Survey
i. Explain the meaning of simple land survey
ii. Explain the types of simple land survey
b). Chain Survey
i. Describe chain/tape survey
ii. Explain different types of equipment used in chain/tape surveying
iii. Practice chain/tape surveying activities at school level
iv. Explain the importance of survey
Topic 5: Map Reading And Map Interpretation
a). Concept of Map Reading
i. Explain the concept of map and its importance to social economic
activities
ii. Identify essentials of a map
b). Reading and Interpreting Topographical Maps
i. Recognise features on a map
ii. Generate information from maps
iii. Interpret information in relation to daily activities
Topic 6: Photograph Reading And Interpretation
a). Types of Photographs
i. Identify types of photographs
ii. Differentiate between ground, vertical and oblique photographs
b). Reading and Interpreting Photographs
i. Read features presented on photographs
ii. Identify natural and manmade features in the fore, middle and background
of the photograph
iii. Interpret features presented on the photograph
Topic 7: Application Of Statistics
a). Concept of Statistics
i. Explain the concept of statistics
ii. Differentiate types of statistical data
iii. Present data graphically
iv. Explain the importance of statistics to the user
v. Describe how massive data can be summarised
b). Simple Statistical Measures and Interpretation
i. Describe methods of presenting simple and mixed data
ii. Calculate the mean, mode and median
iii. Explain the significance of mean, mode and median
iv. Interpret data using simple statistical measures