Topic 1: Non Metals And Their Compounds
a). General Chemical Properties of Non Metals
i. Explain the oxidizing properties of non-metals
ii. Describe the displacement of non-metals by another non-metal from a compound
b). Chlorine
i. Describe the chemical properties of chlorine
ii. Explain the uses of chlorine
c). Hydrogen Chloride
i. Prepare a dry sample of hydrogen chloride gas
ii. Explain the properties of hydrogen chloride gas
iii. Explain the uses of hydrogen chloride
d). Sulphur
i. Describe the extraction of sulphur from natural deposits
ii. Explain the properties of sulphur
iii. Explain the uses of sulphur
e). Sulphur Dioxide
i. Describe the properties of sulphur dioxide
ii. Explain the uses and hazards of sulphur dioxide
f). Sulphuric Acid
i. Describe the contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid
ii. Explain the properties of sulphuric acid
iii. Explain the uses of sulphuric acid
g). Nitrogen
i. Prepare a sample of nitrogen in the laboratory
ii. Explain the uses of nitrogen
h). Ammonia
i. Prepare a dry sample of ammonia gas in the laboratory
ii. Describe the properties of ammonia
iii. Explain the Uses of Ammonia
i). Carbon
i. Name the forms in which carbon exists
ii. Describe allotropic forms of carbon
j). Carbon Dioxide
i. Prepare a dry sample of carbon dioxide gas in the laboratory
ii. Analyse the properties of carbon dioxide
iii. Explain the uses of carbon dioxide
Topic 2: Organic Chemistry
a). Introduction to Organic Chemistry
i. Distinguish organic from inorganic chemistry
ii. Explain the importance of organic chemistry in life
iii. Explain the origin of organic compounds
iv. Describe the fractional distillation of crude oil
b). Hydrocarbons
i. Classify the three families of hydrocarbons
ii. Write the homologous series of the three families of hydrocarbons
iii. Explain the concept of isomerism
iv. Write structural formulae of all isomers of hydrocarbons up to five carbon atoms
v. Name the isomers of hydrocarbons up to five carbon atoms
vi. Apply a general formula to identify the families of hydrocarbons
c). Properties of Hydrocarbons
i. Explain the physical properties of lower hydrocarbons; alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
ii. Explain the concept of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
iii. Compare the chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
d). Alcohols
i. Prepare ethanol in the laboratory
ii. Write the homology of alcohols up to five carbon atoms
iii. Write structure of all isomers of saturated alcohols up to five carbon atoms
iv. Name all isomers of alcohols up to five carbon atoms
v. Describe the properties of alcohol
vi. Explain the uses of alcohol
vii. Explain the harmful effects of alcohols
e). Carboxylic Acids
i. Identify natural sources of organic acids
ii. Explain the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid
iii. Write the structures of the homologues of carboxylic acids up to five carbon atoms
iv. Name the isomers of carboxylic acids up to five carbon atoms
v. Explain the properties of carboxylic acids
vi. Prepare soap from animal fats or vegetable oil
Topic 3: Soil Chemistry
a). Soil Formation
i. Describe soil formation
ii. Describe the factors influencing soil formation
b). Soil Reaction
i. Explain the concept of soil reaction
ii. Measure the pH of a given soil sample
iii. Manage the soil pH by using different liming materials
c). Plant Nutrients in The Soil
i. Categorize the essential plant nutrients
ii. Explain the functions of each of the primary macronutrients in plant growth
iii. Prepare plant nutrient cultures in the laboratory
iv. Manage the loss of plant nutrients from the soil
d). Manures and Fertilizers
i. Prepare heap and pit compost manure
ii. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of natural manures
iii. Mention types of synthetic fertilisers used in Tanzania
iv. Explain the concept of fertiliser grades and analysis
v. Identify methods of fertilizer application
vi. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of artificial fertilizers as compared to natural manures
e). Soil Fertility and Productivity
i. Explain the concept of soil fertility and soil productivity
ii. Differentiate soil fertility form soil productivity
iii. Explain the factors which determine fertility and productivity of the soil
iv. Explain the causes of loss in soil fertility
Topic 4: Pollution
a). Concept of Pollution
i. Explain the concept of pollution
b). Terrestrial Pollution
i. Explain the concept of terrestrial pollution
ii. Identify human activities which cause terrestrial pollution
iii. Identify hazards caused by terrestrial pollution
iv. Suggest different methods of preventing terrestrial pollution
c). Aquatic Pollution
i. Explain the concept of aquatic pollution
ii. Identify human activities which cause water pollution
iii. Identify the hazards which are caused by water pollution
iv. Suggest ways of preventing water pollution
d). Aerial Pollution
i. Explain the concept of aerial pollution
ii. Identify human activities which cause aerial pollution
iii. Identify hazards caused by aerial pollution
iv. Suggest different methods of preventing air pollution
v. Identify safety measures to protect industrial workers from gaseous pollution
e). Environmental Conservation
i. Explain the meaning of environmental conservation
ii. Demonstrate right attitudes, values,and behaviours towards environmental conservation
f). Global Warming
i. Explain the global warming in terms of ‘green house’ effect
ii. Describe how the major “greenhouse” gases are produced
iii. Describe climatic conditions caused by global warming
iv. Suggest ways of preventing global warming
g). Ozone Layer Destruction
i. Explain the meaning of ozone layer and its importance of to life on earth
ii. Identify chemical substances which destroy the ozone layer
iii. Suggest methods of protecting the ozone layer
Topic 5: Qualitative Analysis
a). The Concept of Qualitative Analysis
i. Explain the meaning of qualitative analysis
ii. State the importance of qualitative analysis in real life
b). Qualitative Analysis Procedures
i. Use special apparatus for qualitative analysis
ii. Carry out preliminary test on an unknown sample
iii. Prepare stock solutions from soluble and insoluble salts
iv. Precipitate insoluble salts from their solutions
v. Confirm cations and anions identified