Topic 1: Applications of Vectors
a). Scalar and Vector Quantities
i. Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities
ii. Add vectors using graphical method
iii. State the triangle and parallelogram laws of forces
b). Relative Motion
i. Explain the concept of relative motion
ii. Calculate the relative velocity of two bodies
iii. Apply the concept of relative motion in daily life
c). Resolution of Vectors
i. Explain the concept of components of a vector
ii. Resolve a vector into two perpendicular components
iii. Apply resolution of vectors in solving problems
Topic 2: Friction
a). Concept of Friction
i. Explain the concept for friction
ii. Realize the advantages and disadvantages of friction in daily life
iii. Describe methods of reducing friction
b). Types of Friction
i. Identify types of friction
ii. Determine limiting friction
c). Laws of Friction
i. State laws of friction
ii. Determine the coefficient of friction
iii. Apply laws of friction in solving problems
Topic 3: Light
a). Reflection of Light from Curved Mirrors
i. Distinguish between concave and convex mirrors
ii. Explain the terms principle, axis, pole, principle focus and radius of curvature as applied to curved mirrors
iii. Locate the images formed by a curved mirror
iv. Determine practically the focal length of a concave mirror
v. Use Convex and concave mirrors in daily life
b). Refraction of Light
i. Explain the concept of refraction of light
ii. Measure the angle of incidence and angle of refraction
iii. State the laws of refraction
iv. Determine the refraction index of a material
v. Explain the concept of critical angle and total internal reflection of light
vi. Explain the occurrence of mirage
c). Refraction of Light by Rectangular Prism
i. Trace the passage of light through a triangular prism
ii. Demonstrate the dispersion of white light
iii. Determine the angles of deviation and minimum deviation
iv. Construct a simple prism binocular
d). Colours of Light
i. Explain the component of white light
ii. Recombine colours of white light
iii. Explain the appearances of coloured object under white light
iv. Identify primary, secondary and complementary colours of light
v. Distinguish between additive and subtractive combination of colours
e). Refraction of Light by Lenses
i. Distinguish between convex and concave lenses
ii. Explain the terms focal length, principle focus, principle axis and optical centre as applied to lenses
iii. Determine practically the focal length of a lens
iv. Locate the image formed by a lens
v. Determine the position, size and nature of the image formed by lens
vi. Determine the magnification of the lens camera
vii. Determine the relationship between focal length (f) object distance (u) and image distance (v) as applied to Lenses
Topic 4: Optical Instruments
a). Simple Microscope
i. Describe the structure of the simple microscope
ii. Describe the mode of action of a simple microscope
iii. Construct a simple microscope
b). Compound Microscope
i. Describe the structure of a compound microscope
ii. Describe the mode of action of a compound microscope
iii. Determine the magnification of a compound microscope
iv. Mention uses of a compound microscope
c). Astronomical Telescope
i. Describe the structure of an astronomical telescope
ii. Describe the mode of action of an astronomical telescope
iii. Determine the magnification of an astronomical telescope
iv. Mention uses of an astronomical telescope
v. Construct a simple astronomical telescope
d). Projection Lantern
i. Describe the structure of the projection lantern
ii. Describe the mode of action of a projection lantern
iii. Determine the magnification of a projection lantern
iv. Mention uses of a projection lantern
v. Construct a simple projection lantern
e). The Lense Camera
i. Describe the structure of the lens camera
ii. Describe the mode of action of the lens camera
iii. Determine the magnification of the lens camera
iv. Construct a simple lens camera
f). The Human Eye
i. Describe the structure of the human eye
ii. Explain accommodation power of the human eye
iii. Identify the defects of the human eye
iv. Describe the correction of the defects of human eye
v. Compare the human eye and the lens camera
Topic 5: Thermal Expansion
a). Thermal Energy
i. Explain the concept of heat
ii. State the source of thermal energy in everyday life
iii. Distinguish between heat and temperature
b). Thermal Expansion of Solids
i. Demonstrate expansion of solids
ii. Explain expansion of solids in terms of kinetic theory of matter
iii. Identify expansivity of different solids
iv. Explain the applications of expansion of solids in daily life
c). Thermal Expansion of Liquids
i. Explain the apparent expansion of liquids
ii. Demonstrate the effect of heat on liquids
iii. Verify the anomalous expansion of water
iv. Explain the applications of expansion of liquids in everyday life
d). Thermal Expansion of Gases
i. Explain the concept of thermal expansion of gases
ii. Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature of fixed mass of air at constant pressure
iii. Investigate the relationship between pressure and volume of a fixed mass of air at constant temperature
iv. Investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature of a fixed mass of air at constant volume
v. Identify the general gas equation from the gas laws
vi. Explain absolute scale of temperature
vii. Convert temperature in degrees centigrade (celsius) to kelvin
viii. Explain standard temperature and pressure (S.T.P)
ix. Apply expansion of gas in daily life
Topic 6: Transfer Of Thermal Energy
a). Conduction
i. Explain the concept of conduction of Heat
ii. Identify good and bad Conductors of Heat
iii. Explain how to minimise Heat losses due to Conduction
iv. Apply knowledge of conduction in daily life
b). Convection
i. Explain the concept of convection of heat
ii. Explain convection in fluids in terms of kinetic theory of matter
iii. Explain how to minimise heat losses due to convection to daily life
iv. Apply knowledge of convection to daily life
c). Radiation
i. Explain the concept of radiation
ii. Identify good absorbers and emitters of radiant heat
iii. Minimize heat losses due to radiation
Topic 7: Measurement Of Thermal Energy
a). Heat Capacity
i. Explain the factors which determine heat quality of a substance
ii. Determine the heat capacity
iii. Determine the specific heat capacity
b). Change of State
i. Explain the behaviour of particles of matter by applying kinetic theory
ii. Determine experimentally the melting point of a substance from its cooling curve
iii. Demonstrate the effect of impurities on the freezing point and the boiling point of a substance
iv. Demonstrate the effect of pressure on the boiling point and freezing point of a substance
v. Explain the phenomenon of regulation
vi. Give the concept of boiling and evaporation in respect to the kinetic theory of matter
vii. Demonstrate latent heat of fusion and vaporisation
viii. Describe the mechanism of refrigeration
Topic 8: Vapour And Humidity
a). Vapour
i. Explain the process of evaporation of liquid
ii. Identify factors affecting evaporation of a liquid
iii. Distinguish between saturated and evaporation of a liquid
iv. Explain the effect of temperature on saturated vapour pressure (S.V.P) of a liquid
b). Humidity
i. Explain the concept of humidity
ii. Explain the formation of dew
iii. Measure relative humidity
iv. Apply the knowledge of humidity in daily life
Topic 9: Thermal Current Electricity
a). Electromotive force (emf) and potential difference (pd)
i. Explain the concept of electromotive force (emf) and potential difference (pd)
ii. State the SI units of electromotive force and potential difference
iii. Measure electromotive force of a cell and potential difference across a conductor
b). Resistance to Electric Current
i. Explain the concept of electric current in a conductor
ii. Describe factors which determine the resistance of a conductor
iii. Determine the relationship between potential difference across the conductor and current
iv. Identify types of resistors
v. Determine the equivalent resistance of more than two resistors in series and parallel
vi. Explain the mode of action of a Wheatstone bridge.
vii. Connect and analyse a simple electric circuit
c). Effects of an Electric Current
i. Explain the mechanism of heating by electric current
ii. Describe factors which determine the quality of heat generated in a conductor due to a current
iii. Determine electrical power
iv. Interpret the power rating of electrical appliances
d). Electric Installation
i. Explain the meaning of the letter E (Earthing) L (Live) and N (Neutral) in Electrical Wiring
ii. Describe the function of a fuse and a circuit breaker
iii. Perform wiring on a board
iv. Check and rectify electrical faults in domestic appliances
e). Cells
i. Describe the mode of action of a dry cell (Leclanche)
ii. Determine voltage of combination of cells in series and parallel
iii. Identify the cell defects
iv. Describe the mode of action of lead-acid accumulator
v. Explain the charging and discharging phenomenon of an accumulator
vi. Use cells and accumulators in daily life